24 commonly used metal materials for mechanical processing and their characteristics!

24 commonly used metal materials for mechanical processing and their characteristics!

Social friends who work with machinery are inevitably involved in dealing with commonly used metal materials. This time, We will share with you 24 commonly used materials for machinery and mold processing. Do you know all of them?

1. 45- High quality carbon structural steel, which is the most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel

Main features: The most commonly used medium carbon quenched and tempered steel has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low hardenability, and is prone to cracking during water quenching. Small parts should be treated with quenching and tempering, while large parts should be treated with normalizing. Application example: Mainly used for manufacturing high-strength moving parts, such as turbine impellers and compressor pistons. Shafts, gears, racks, worms, etc. Pay attention to preheating before welding and stress relief annealing after welding.

2. Q235A (A3 steel) - the most commonly used carbon structural steel

Main features: high plasticity, toughness, welding performance, cold stamping performance, as well as certain strength and good cold bending performance. Application example: Widely used for general requirements of parts and welded structures. Such as tension rods, connecting rods, pins, shafts, screws, nuts, collars, brackets, machine bases, building structures, bridges, etc. that are not subjected to significant force.

3. 40Cr - one of the most widely used steel grades, belonging to alloy structural steel

Main features: After quenching and tempering treatment, it has good comprehensive mechanical properties, low temperature impact toughness, and low notch sensitivity. It has good hardenability and can achieve high fatigue strength when oil cooled. Complex shaped parts are prone to cracking when water cooled, with moderate cold bending plasticity. After tempering or quenching, it has good machinability, but poor weldability and is prone to cracking. It should be preheated to 100-150 ℃ before welding and is generally used in the quenched and tempered state, Carbon nitrogen co infiltration and high-frequency surface quenching treatment can also be carried out. Application example: After quenching and tempering, it is used to manufacture parts with medium speed and medium load, such as machine tool gears, shafts, worm gears, spline shafts, top pin sleeves, etc. After quenching and high-frequency surface quenching, it is used to manufacture parts with high surface hardness and wear resistance, such as gears, shafts, spindles, crankshafts, mandrels, sleeves, pins, connecting rods, screws and nuts, intake valves, etc. After quenching and medium temperature tempering, it is used to manufacture parts with heavy load and medium speed impact, such as oil pump rotors Sliding blocks, gears, spindles, and collars are used to manufacture heavy-duty, low impact, and wear-resistant parts, such as worms, spindles, shafts, and collars, after quenching and low-temperature tempering. The carbon nitrogen co infiltration area is used to manufacture transmission parts with larger dimensions and higher low-temperature impact toughness, such as shafts and gears.

4. HT150- Grey cast iron

Application examples: gear box, machine bed, box, hydraulic cylinder, pump body, valve body, flywheel, cylinder head, pulley, bearing cover, etc.

5. 35- Common materials for various standard parts and fasteners

Main features: appropriate strength, good plasticity, high cold plasticity, and acceptable weldability. Under cold conditions, it can be locally upset and drawn. Low hardenability, used after normalizing or quenching. Examples of applications: Suitable for manufacturing small section parts that can withstand large loads, such as crankshafts, levers, connecting rods, hooks, etc., various standard parts, fasteners.

6. 65Mn - commonly used spring steel

Application examples: Various small-sized flat and round springs, seat cushion springs, spring springs, can also be made into spring rings, valve springs, clutch springs, brake springs, cold coil coil springs, snap springs, etc.

7. 0Cr18Ni9- The most commonly used stainless steel (American grade 304, Japanese grade SUS304)

Characteristics and applications: As a stainless and heat-resistant steel, it is widely used in food equipment, general chemical equipment, and industrial equipment.

8. Cr12- Commonly used cold work mold steel (American grade D3, Japanese grade SKD1)

Characteristics and applications: Cr12 steel is a widely used cold work mold steel, belonging to the high carbon and high chromium type of martensitic steel. This steel has good hardenability and good wear resistance; Due to the high carbon content of 2.3% in Cr12 steel, its impact toughness is poor, it is prone to brittle cracking, and uneven eutectic carbides are easily formed; Due to its excellent wear resistance, Cr12 steel is often used to manufacture cold stamping dies, punches, cutting dies, cold heading dies, cold extrusion dies with low impact loads and high wear requirements, as well as punch and concave dies, drill sleeves, gauges, drawing dies, stamping dies, wire drawing plates, deep drawing dies, and cold pressing dies for powder metallurgy.

9. DC53- Commonly Used Cold Work Mold Steel Imported from Japan

Features and applications: High strength and toughness cold work mold steel, steel grade from Japanese Datong Special Steel (Company) manufacturer. After high-temperature tempering, it has high hardness, high toughness, and good wire cutting performance. Used for precision cold stamping dies, drawing dies, wire rolling dies, cold punching dies, punches, etc. 10. SM45- ordinary carbon plastic mold steel (Japanese steel grade S45C)

10. DCCr12MoV - wear-resistant chromium steel

Domestic. Compared to Cr12 steel, this steel has a lower carbon content and the addition of Mo and V improves the unevenness of carbides. MO can reduce carbide segregation and improve hardenability, while V can refine grains and increase toughness. This steel has high hardenability, with a section below 400mm that can be completely quenched. It can still maintain good hardness and wear resistance at 300-400 ℃, and has higher toughness than Cr12. The volume change during quenching is small, and it also has high wear resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties. Therefore, it can be manufactured with a large section, Various molds with complex shapes and subjected to significant impacts, such as ordinary drawing dies, punching dies, punching dies, material cutting dies, trimming dies, rolling dies, wire drawing dies, cold extrusion dies, cold cutting scissors, circular saws, standard tools, measuring tools, etc.

11. SKD11- Tough Chromium Steel
Hitachi's production in Japan has improved the casting structure in steel and refined the grain size. Compared to Cr12mov, it has improved toughness and wear resistance, and extended the service life of the mold

12. D2- High carbon and high chromium cold working steel
Made in the United States, it has high hardenability, hardenability, wear resistance, good high-temperature oxidation resistance, good rust resistance after quenching and polishing, small heat treatment deformation, and is suitable for manufacturing various high-precision and long-life cold working molds, tools and measuring tools, such as stretching molds, cold extrusion molds, cold shear knives, etc.

13. SKD11 (SLD) - Non deformable toughness high chromium steel
Production by Hitachi Corporation of Japan. Due to the increase in MO and V content in steel, the casting structure of the steel is improved, the grains are refined, and the morphology of carbides is improved. As a result, the strength and toughness (bending strength, deflection, impact toughness, etc.) of this steel are higher than those of SKD1 and D2, and its wear resistance is also increased. Moreover, it has been proven that the service life of this steel mold is higher than that of Cr12mov. High demand molds such as tensile molds and impact grinding wheel molds are often manufactured.

14. DC53- High toughness high chromium steel
Japanese Datong style production. Heat treatment hardness is higher than SKD11. After high-temperature (520-530) tempering, it can reach 62-63HRC high hardness. In terms of strength and wear resistance, DC53 exceeds SKD11. Its toughness is twice that of SKD11 The toughness of DC53 rarely shows cracks and cracks in cold work mold manufacturing, greatly improving its service life. The residual stress is small, and it is reduced after high-temperature turning. Because the cracks and deformation after wire cutting are suppressed, its cutting and grinding properties exceed those of SKD11. It is used for precision stamping molds, cold forging, deep drawing molds, etc.

15. SKH-9- General purpose high-speed steel with high wear resistance and toughness
Produced by Hitachi in Japan. Used for cold forging dies, cutting machines, drill bits, reamers, punches, etc.

16. ASP-23- Powder Metallurgical High Speed Steel
Made in Sweden. The distribution of carbides is extremely uniform, wear-resistant, high toughness, easy to process, and the size of heat treatment is stable. It is used for various long-life cutting tools such as punches, deep drawing dies, drilling dies, milling cutters, and shear blades.

17. P20- General requirements for the size of plastic molds

Made in the United States. Able to be electroplated. Pre hardened HB270-300 in factory condition. Quenched hardness HRC52.

18. 718- High demand size plastic molds

Made in Sweden, especially for electro etching operations Factory status pre hard HB290-330 Quenching hardness HRC52

19. Nak80- High mirror surface, high-precision plastic mold
Japanese Datong style production Factory state pre hardened HB370-400. Quenched hardness HRC52

20. S136- Anti corrosion and mirror polished plastic molds

Made in Sweden Factory condition pre hardening HB ＜ 215. Quenching hardness HRC52.

21. H13- Common Die Casting Dies

Used for die casting of aluminum, zinc, magnesium, and alloys. Hot stamping dies, aluminum extrusion dies

22. SKD61- Advanced Die Casting Mold

Hitachi, a Japanese company, has significantly improved its service life compared to H13 through electric slag remelting technology Hot stamping die, aluminum extrusion die

23, 8407- Advanced Die Casting Mold

Made in Sweden Hot stamping die, aluminum extrusion die

24. FDAC - Added sulfur to enhance its workability
Factory pre hardness 338-42HRC, can be directly carved without quenching or tempering treatment. Used for small batch molds, simple molds, various resin products, sliding parts, short lead time mold parts, zipper molds, and glasses frame molds.